World War 2 and occupation | AD 1940 – 1945. Lire la critique de The King's Choice. Though neither side inflicted notable damage, the German ships were running low on ammunition and were gradually pushed back to the harbour. [38] Early the following morning, Warburton-Lee led his flagship, HMS Hardy, and four other destroyers into the Ofotfjord. Simultaneously, an ultimatum was presented by the German ambassador to King Christian X. At Bergen, the defensive fortifications put up stiffer resistance to Gruppe 3's approach and the light cruiser Königsberg and the artillery training ship Bremse were damaged, the former seriously. The following forces were thus organized: Additionally, the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau would escort Gruppe 1 and Gruppe 2 as they travelled together, and there would also be several echelons of transports carrying additional troops, fuel and equipment. [1] Significant damage was done to Admiral Hipper's starboard side, and Glowworm was destroyed by a close range salvo immediately afterwards. [16] The Allies initiated their plans on the following day, with sixteen Allied submarines ordered to the Skagerrak and Kattegat to serve as a screen and give advance warning for a German response to Operation Wilfred, which was launched the following day when Admiral William Whitworth in HMS Renown set out from Scapa Flow for the Vestfjorden with twelve destroyers. As the timing would indicate, the catalyst for the change was World War II. This is an issue that affects most other Japanese women as the law requires couples to use one name. Germany pushed Bulgaria to enact anti-Semitic legislation. [26][107], Norwegian squadrons flew with the RAF Fighter and Coastal Commands. 5 days ago 05:40 Jack Walters The UK Royal Family News. [12] This policy caused a rise in anti-German sentiment throughout Scandinavia, since it was commonly believed that the Germans were allied with the Soviets. [7], On 14 December 1939, Raeder introduced Adolf Hitler to Vidkun Quisling, a pro-Nazi former defence minister of Norway. [83] Mauriceforce, their convoys delayed by thick fog, were evacuated from Namsos on 2 May, though two of their rescue ships, the French destroyer Bison and the British destroyer Afridi were sunk by Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers. The main strategic reason for Germany to invade Norway was to seize the port of Narvik and guarantee the iron ore needed for critical production of steel.[1]. With Renown and her escorts earlier diverted to investigate the Glowworm incident, no British ships stood in their way, and they entered the area unopposed. But when you dig a little deeper, there are a ton of fascinating stories. [110], Aside from the regular Norwegian forces, the main armed resistance movement in Norway, the exile government-controlled Milorg, fielded some 40,000 combatants at the end of the war. Germany's occupation of Denmark lasted until 5 May 1945. [17], On 16 February, Altmark was spotted by three British aircraft. Daily U.S. military news updates including military gear and equipment, breaking news, international news and more. However, Korea was once a monarchy, as well. The weather aided the Germans, providing a screen for their forces, and in the early morning they sent out Gruppe 1 and Gruppe 2, who had the largest distance to travel. Research has shown that children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are often accompanied by substantial unmet health care needs (UHCNs). The focus of the remaining forces in western Norway became to prevent the Germans from advancing from the areas around Bergen.
Glowworm, on her way to rejoin Renown, happened to come up behind Z11 Bernd von Arnim and then Z18 Hans Lüdemann in the heavy fog around 08:00 on 8 April. Confusion soon sprung up though, when the Norwegians received the order not to fire on British and French ships and the Germans began to use Norwegian codes that they had captured at Horten. Who was the 1st king of Norway? The page is in English.
[70] With no help forthcoming from either allied or Norwegian forces, on 1 May 1940, Steffens ordered his troops to disband. In addition to the German landings in south and central Norway, the Admiralty was also informed via press reports that a single German destroyer was in Narvik. With the abandonment on 20 April of the Franco-British plans for recapturing the central Norwegian city of Trondheim, Ruge's strategy became practically infeasible. He held this title until 2005.
Kronologisk oversikt", Denmark and Norway 1940: Hitler's Boldest Operation, "Alta bataljon: 2 Alta bataljons deltagelse i felttoget på Narvikfronten 1940", Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany, Campaign in Norway at www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk, United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1940. Hostile and Havock meanwhile had raced ahead, but turned about and came back to aid the retreat of Hotspur. In a second meeting four days later on 18 December 1939, Quisling and Hitler discussed the threat of an Allied invasion of Norway. It was decided to send troops to both locations as a compromise. By 08:43 Denmark had capitulated. Another matter that caused additional reworking of the plan was Fall Gelb, the proposed invasion of northern France and the Low Countries, which would require the bulk of German forces. The issue had been discussed in the evening of 8 April, after the Commanding General, Kristian Laake, had joined the calls for a mobilization. This year, in 2020, marks 75 years since World War II ended. [26][50][51][52][53], The basis for the Norwegian strategy started collapsing already on 13 and 14 April, when the 3,000 troops of the 1st Division in Østfold evacuated across the Swedish border without orders, and were interned by the neutral Swedes. Fears began to crop up in German high command that Norway and Sweden would then allow Allied troop movement to aid Finland. Gold Run recounts the thrilling story of the loyal Norwegians who rescued the Norwegian royal family, government, and nearly fifty tons of gold bullion from invading Nazis during World War II. One of the greatest gold snatches in history, ... Mar 15, 2019 - Crown Princess Martha of Norway with her three children, Astrid, aged 7, Harald, aged 3, and Ragnhild, aged 9, on the beach at their new home in America. The last year of the war saw an increase in sabotage actions by the exile government-aligned Norwegian resistance organization Milorg, although the organization's main goal was to retain intact guerilla forces to aid an Allied invasion of Norway. Read answers to frequently asked questions here. While there were also several naval task groups organized for this invasion, none of them contained any large ships. [48] It was called Operation Hammer, and would land Allied troops at Namsos to the north (Mauriceforce), Åndalsnes to the south (Sickleforce), and around Trondheim itself (Hammerforce). In November 1944 the Royal Norwegian Naval Air Service and the Norwegian Army Air Service, having been under a unified command since March 1941, were amalgamated to form the RNoAF. On the Norwegian side there were around 1,700 casualties, of whom 860 were killed. Norway was occupied throughout almost all of World War Two. Norwegian Merchant Ships in WW II. On 3 July Haakon VII turned down the request, and on 8 July gave a speech on BBC Radio proclaiming his answer. In the Ofotfjord leading to Narvik, the ten German destroyers of Gruppe 1 made their approach. According to Britannica, Filov was a “notorious Germanophile”, and his government steadily moved Bulgaria toward the German side. Norge entered into the fray shortly after and began to fire on the destroyers, but her marksmen were inexperienced and she did not hit the Germans ships before being sunk by a salvo of torpedoes from the German destroyers. Eventually, seven of them sat on European thrones in Russia, Greece, Romania, Britain, Germany, Spain and Norway—and all would take sides during World War I with disastrous consequences. King Olav died in 1991 and is the father of Norway’s current King, King Harald V. King Harald V and his wife Queen Sonja have two children: Crown Prince Håkon and Princess Märtha Louise. However, the German situation was hopeless, having run out of fuel and ammunition, and by the time the remaining British ships arrived, the German crews had abandoned and scuttled their ships. Gazetted 6 October 1942[20]. [42] The Norwegian authorities were only informed of the decision on 1 June. The capture of Aalborg Airport was considered particularly important in this respect.[34]. General Volume I, Torpedo Crisis of the U-Boats During Norwegian Campaign, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_campaign&oldid=1053399446, Articles needing additional references from April 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The invasion and the following occupation are depicted in the, Kelly, Bernard. The formal capitulation agreement for forces fighting in mainland Norway was signed at the Britannia Hotel in Trondheim at 17:00 on 10 June 1940. Since its inception, the War Cross has been awarded to 126 non-Norwegians. King Christian, having consulted with Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning, Foreign Minister P. Munch and the commanders of the army and the navy, decided to capitulate, believing that further resistance would only result in a useless loss of Danish lives. The Norwegian Royal Family waving to welcoming crowds from HMS NORFOLK at Oslo, June 1945. Because of a strict enforcement of radio silence, the bombers were not able to report this until 17:30. The German forces used in the campaign were some 100,000 troops in seven divisions and one Fallschirmjäger battalion, as well as panzer and artillery units. The Danish army was small, ill-prepared and used obsolete equipment, but resisted in several parts of the country; most importantly, the Royal Guards located at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen, and forces in the vicinity of Haderslev in South Jutland. [103], With the capitulation of Norway's mainland army a German occupation of the country began. By 12 April, they were in range of Narvik and an aerial attack on Narvik from Furious was attempted, but the results were disappointing. 263 Squadron RAF fighter squadron set up base on the frozen lake Lesjaskogsvatnet on 24 April to challenge German air supremacy, but many of the squadron's aircraft were destroyed by German bombing on 25 April. This movement caused the Germans concern. Less than 2 months later, the king and his government left the northern city of Tromsø, bound for London, after refusing to … In the 2001 elections, NMSP won a decisive victory, and Simeon was made Prime Minister. [63], After troops of the more northerly 5th Division had covered the British landings at Åndalsnes, Steffens planned an offensive aimed at recapturing Bergen.
[32] It was not until the cruiser was at point blank range that Oscarsborg Fortress opened fire, hitting with every shell. In the waning hours of 14 April, Mauriceforce, composed primarily of the British 146th Infantry Brigade and commanded by Major-General Adrian Carton de Wiart made their initial landings at the Norwegian port town of Namsos. TIL, The Netherlands gives Canada 20,000 tulips every year ... She carried much of the administrative personnel intended both for the occupation of Norway and also for the headquarters of the army division assigned to seize Oslo. Norwegian Shipping in the 20th Century - Page i Tank-Nielsen was overruled by his superior, Commanding Admiral Henry Diesen, and she was escorted through. The UK Royal Family News. Gold Run: The Rescue of Norway's Gold Bullion from the ... By 20 April three British half-battalions had moved as far south as Fåberg, near the town of Lillehammer. Norwegian history | World War 2 and occupation | Norway In the morning of April 10th, a firefight ended with the retreat of both sides as Captain Spiller, the leader of the German Fallschimjager had been hit. A rapid strategic retreat took place after Germany's overwhelmingly quick invasion of France in May. On the whole, the campaign was successful with great benefits for the victor. This attack sank the destroyer HMS Gurkha and then forced the Home Fleet to withdraw north when their anti-aircraft measures proved ineffective. By early 1940 their 6th Division in Finnmark and Troms fielded 9,500 troops to defend against Soviet attack, positioned mostly in the eastern regions of Finnmark. 17th July » King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname House of Windsor named Windsor. [75][77][78] During the trip the force had been transferred to destroyers instead of bulky transport ships due to the narrow waters of the fjord leading to Namsos; in the confusion of the transfer a great deal of their supplies and even the brigade commander were misplaced. IMDb History. Troops would be issued their mobilization orders by post. [45][55][82] The town of Ålesund had also suffered heavily from German bombing during the last days of April. Iowa Research Online The German plans for the invasion and occupation of Norway relied heavily on air power. Germany invaded Norway … The village of Veblungsnes and the area around Åndalsnes train station suffered particularly heavy damage. Shortly after the encounter the British submarine HMS Clyde intercepted the German ships and torpedoed Gneisenau, causing severe damage. Commander James Bond CMG RNVR is a character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. Citizens of London: The Americans Who Stood with Britain in ... In contrast to the Dutch and Norwegian royal families, the … On learning of this, Oslo itself was declared an open city and soon fully surrendered. In the Battle for Kvam on 25 and 26 April, the British managed to delay the German advance for two days of heavy fighting. Unescorted troopships would transport in soldiers to capture the Danish High Command in Copenhagen. With it becoming more evident the German fleet had slipped out of Norwegian waters, the Home Fleet continued north to Narvik in the hope of catching the remaining destroyers. The German offensive aimed at linking up their forces in Oslo and Trondheim began on 14 April, with an advance north from Oslo towards the Gudbrandsdalen and Østerdalen valleys. [16][39], In the evening of 9 April, the Norwegian Government moved to Elverum, believing Hamar to be insecure. Exile Air: World War II's "Little Norway" in Toronto and Muskoka [116], The Norwegian and Allied casualties of the Norwegian Campaign totalled around 6,602. While the British supported this operation, the French vetoed it for three months since they also depended on the Rhine and feared German air raids on their aircraft and munitions factories. The Norwegian forces' almost complete lack of anti-aircraft weapons allowed the German aircraft to operate with near impunity. Eventually, on 2 April, the Germans set 9 April as the day of the invasion (Wesertag), and 04:15 (Norwegian time) as the hour of the landings (Weserzeit).[16]. He believed that the Norwegian ports would be of crucial importance for Germany in a war with the United Kingdom. Drawing on extraordinary unpublished diaries, photographs, and maps, as well as newspapers from the period, Hitler’s Northern Utopia tells the story of a broad range of completed and unrealized architectural and infrastructure projects ... Better luck was had in the south when HMS Spearfish severely damaged the heavy cruiser Lützow at midnight on 11 April, putting the German ship out of commission for a year. [48] Although the regular Norwegian armed forces in mainland Norway laid down their arms in June 1940, there was a fairly prominent resistance movement, which proved increasingly efficient during the later years of occupation. Gruppe 5 continued into the Oslofjord and cleared the outer batteries without incident. Constant aerial harassment prevented any kind of offensive from taking place though, and on 21 April Mauriceforce was attacked by the German 181st Division from Trondheim.