The "Fishbowl" series included four failures, all of which were deliberately disrupted by range safety officers when the missiles' systems failed during launch and were aborted. [67] Some PCB contamination in the lagoon was traced to Coast Guard disposal practices of PCB-laden electrical transformers. The 5th Battalion departed in January 1943. There were three phenomena in particular that required further investigation: The Fishbowl tests were monitored by a large number of surface and aircraft-based stations in the wide area around the planned detonations and also in the region in the southern hemisphere in the Samoan Islands region, which was known in these tests as the southern conjugate region.
Initially, the name of that effort was to be called the Pacific Ornithological Observation Project but this was changed for obvious reasons. It consists of four small islands on a raised coral atoll formation that are partially enclosed on the north and west by a 7.5-mile (12-km) semicircular reef. The Army's Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) was the first full-scale chemical weapons disposal facility. According to the Operation Fishbowl planning document of November 1961, "Since much valuable data can be obtained from time and spectrum resolved photography, this dictates that the test be performed at nighttime when auroral photographic conditions are best. [22], The atoll was placed up for auction via the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) in 2005 before it was withdrawn. December 10, 1965. Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. Even with high-density goggles, the burst was too bright to view, even for a few seconds. US defense and environmental officials are currently debating how to clean up this radioactive contamination, as they move to close down the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agents Disposal System (JACADS). It consists of four small islands on a raised coral atoll formation that are partially enclosed on the north and west by a 7.5-mile (12-km) semicircular reef. They located guano on the atoll in March 1858 and proceeded to claim the island as U.S. [15] In June of the same year, S. C. Allen, sailing on the Kalama under a commission from King Kamehameha IV of Hawaii, landed on Johnston Atoll, removed the American flag, and claimed the atoll for the Kingdom of Hawaii. 0. "Collateral Damage to Satellites from an EMP Attack" Report DTRA-IR-10-22, Defense Threat Reduction Agency. johnston atoll conspiracy. In 1998, Defense Special Weapons Agency, and selected elements of the Office of Secretary of Defense were combined to form the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). [65], Built in 1964, the JOC is a four-floor concrete and steel administration building for the island that has no windows and was built to withstand a category IV tropical cyclone as well as atmospheric nuclear tests. Observers at Samoa saw a white flash, which faded to orange and disappeared in about 1 minute. [66], Rows of bunkers in the Red Hat Storage Area remain intact; however, an agreement was established between the U.S. Army and EPA Region IX on August 21, 2003, that the Munitions Demilitarization Building (MDB) at JACADS would be demolished and the bunkers in the RHSA used for disposal of construction rubble and debris. The proposed sale included the unique postal zip code 96558, formerly assigned to the Armed Forces in the Pacific. Because of the large number of ships and aircraft in the area, there was no way to predict if the missile was on a safe trajectory, so the range safety officers ordered the missile with its warhead to be destroyed. "[51], In the lead up to biological warfare testing in the Pacific under Project 112 and Project SHAD, a new virus was discovered during the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program by teams from the Smithsonian's Division of Birds aboard a United States Army tugboat involved in the program. In addition, it produced one atmospheric nuclear explosion, "Tightrope.". Number, Project Fishbowl: 13 weeks from go-ahead to field delivery, Conrad, Edward E., et al. Much research went into the potential eyeburn problem. [10]:229241. The missile arced up to a height of over 1,100 km (660 miles), then came back down. LORAN whip antennas on Johnston and Sand Islands were removed, and the 625-foot LORAN tower and antenna were demolished on December 3, 1992. 16, 45, N. long. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. One report by the U.S. federal government reported the Tightrope test yield as 10 kilotons. A glowing purple cloud was faintly visible for a few minutes. Later on, it became the site of a chemical weapons depot and the site of the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS)." Mission Research Corporation/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Johnston Atoll became a chemical weapons storage site in 1971 holding about 6.6 percent of the U.S. military chemical weapon arsenal. [10]:247, According to the official report, at the time of the Kingfish detonation, "Johnston Island observers saw a yellow-white, luminous circle with intense purple streamers for the first minute. johnston atoll conspiracy. Some of the debris was contaminated with plutonium.

Goes the Dynamite. WebLooking at a closeup, it appears that the buildings were razed, although I suppose it is possible that the sand-colored stuff where the buildings The first test attempt was delayed until June. His recommendations caused the Secretary of Defense in December 1970 to issue instructions suspending missile launches and all non-essential aircraft flights. WebAlienum phaedrum torquatos nec eu, vis detraxit periculis ex, nihil expetendis in mei. In addition, a large number of rocket-borne instruments were launched from a firing area at Barking Sands, Kauai, in the Hawaiian Islands.[13]. Access to the atoll is via ocean vessel. By September 1941, construction of an airfield on Johnston Island commenced. On November 1, 1957, a new United States Coast Guard LORAN-A station was commissioned. [45] The Air Force program was used as a cover for the initial development of the Central Intelligence Agency's Key Hole (including Corona and Gambit) reconnaissance satellites systems. 0. Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) building prior to demolition. The rocket with the 1.45-megaton Starfish device (W49 warhead and the MK-4 re-entry vehicle) on its nose was launched that evening, but the Thor missile engine cut out only 59 seconds after launch. The nuclear explosions also release heavier debris ions, which also carry an electrical charge, and which also travel in a spiral along the Earth's magnetic field lines. [31], After the war on March 27, 1949, a PBY-6A Catalina had to make a forced landing during flight from Kwajalein to Johnston Island. [11] The actual weapon yield was very close to the design yield, which has been described by various sources at different values in the very narrow range of 1.4 to 1.45 megatons (6.0 PJ). [22], After the military mission on the island ended in 2004, the Atoll was administered by the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The eastern eye-wall passed directly over the atoll, with winds exceeding 100mph (160km/h). A distinct thermal pulse was also felt on the bare skin. [30]:159 Additional Japanese shelling occurred on December 22 and 23, 1941. In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the. More wreckage along with plutonium contamination was found on nearby Sand Island. In 1935, personnel from the US Navy's Patrol Wing Two carried out some minor construction to develop the atoll for seaplane operation. Both tests detonated 3.8-megaton hydrogen bombs launched to high altitudes by rockets from Johnston Atoll. The LORAN A and C station and buildings on Sand Island were then dismantled and removed.[36][37]. It was launched on a Nike-Hercules missile, and detonated at a lower altitude than the other Fishbowl tests. 2023-03-24. WebJohnston Atoll, unincorporated territory of the United States in the central Pacific Ocean, about 825 miles (1,330 km) southwest of Honolulu. Transition to full-scale operations started in May 1993, but the facility did not begin full-scale operations until August 1993.

As a result, Air Micronesia service was immediately discontinued, and missile firings were terminated with the exception of two 1975 satellite launches deemed critical to the island's mission. It was launched on a Nike-Hercules missile, and detonated at a lower altitude than the other Fishbowl tests. In 1936, the Navy began the first of many changes to enlarge the atoll's land area. 0. They involved enough ships to have made the world's fifth-largest independent navy. No nuclear detonation occurred and no data was obtained, but subsequent investigation found that the Thor was actually following the proper flight trajectory. Mei an pericula euripidis, hinc partem ei est. The same report also projects the effects of one or more present-day high altitude nuclear explosions upon the formation of artificial radiation belts and the probable resulting effects on satellites that were in orbit as of the year 2010.[5]. Possessions", "Toxic Caviar: Using Fish Embryos to Monitor Contaminant Impacts", "Feds want to bury Johnston Island's radioactive matter", "Unusual Real Estate Listing # 6384-Johnston Island", "Coast Guard Successful on Risky Medevac from Johnston Island", "Biological Volunteers Needed - Johnston Atoll", "Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Volunteer Powerpoint", "Yellow Crazy Ant Eradication, Johnston Atoll Update, May 2011", "U.S. Prince William Henry, William Wake, master, of London, we both ran ashore on the North-side of a reef of Coral rocks and sand, where we continued until the next day noonat which time the weather being very clear, we saw two small Islands of Sand, bearing W by N. 4 or 5 miles distant; and from our topgallant-mast-head, we saw the shoal extending E.S.E. One of the official reports for the project stated that, for the altitudes planned for the Bluegill, Kingfish and Checkmate tests, "the thermal-pulse durations are of the same order of magnitude or shorter than the natural blink period which, for the average person, is about 150 milliseconds. "[9], Two cases of retinal damage did occur with military personnel on Johnston Island during the Bluegill Triple Prime test. WebJohnston Atoll, unincorporated territory of the United States in the central Pacific Ocean, about 825 miles (1,330 km) southwest of Honolulu. Following V-J Day on August 14, 1945, Johnston Atoll saw the flow of men and aircraft that had been coming from the mainland into the Pacific turn around. Seven rockets carrying scientific instrumentation were launched from Johnston Island in support of the Tightrope test, which was the final atmospheric test conducted by the United States. [7], Seabird species recorded as breeding on the atoll include Bulwer's petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, Christmas shearwater, white-tailed tropicbird, red-tailed tropicbird, brown booby, red-footed booby, masked booby, great frigatebird, spectacled tern, sooty tern, brown noddy, black noddy, and white tern. The proclamation established "Johnston Island Naval Defensive Sea Area" which encompassed the territorial waters between the extreme high-water marks and the three-mile marine boundaries surrounding the atoll. November 1961", Hoerlin, Herman "United States High-Altitude Test Experiences: A Review Emphasizing the Impact on the Environment" Report LA-6405, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. These shipments followed a 1986 agreement between the U.S. and West Germany to move the munitions. The lagoon was again dredged in 19631964 and used to expand Johnston Island from 220 acres (89ha) to 625 acres (253ha) recontaminating additional portions of the island. National Intelligence Estimate. Later that year, Kamehameha revoked the lease granted to Allen when he learned the atoll had been claimed previously by the United States. JACADS was demolished by 2003, and the island was stripped of its remaining infrastructure and environmentally remediated. [27][68] The Pluto Yard is on the site of the LE1 where the 1962 missile explosion occurred and also where a highly contaminated loading ramp was buried that was made for loading plutonium contaminated debris onto small boats that was dumped at sea. Those activities left the area environmentally contaminated, and monitoring continues. Beyond the 1962 nuclear tests, Johnston Atoll was used to store chemical weapons from Okinawa after 1970 and drums of Agent Orange defoliant from the Vietnam War in 1972. At Oahu a bright flash was observed and after about 10 seconds a great white ball appeared to rise slowly out of the sea and was visible for about 9 minutes. By 1890, the atoll's guano deposits had been almost entirely depleted (mined out) by U.S. interests operating under the Guano Islands Act. The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions Soviet peaceful explosions were named). The first launch in "Operation Fishbowl" was a successful research and development launch with no warhead. After the tests were completed, the island reverted to the command of the US Air Force. [23] The national monument includes Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge within its boundaries and contains 696 acres (2.82km2) of land and over 800,000 acres (3,200km2) of water area. Hundreds of sea birds, of a dozen kinds, were the principal inhabitants, together with lizards, insects, and hermit crabs. Program 437 turned the PGM-17 Thor into an operational anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon system, a capability that was kept top secret even after it was deployed. [30] The runway was subsequently lengthened and improved as the island was enlarged. These flights may have been related to the late 1960s Program 922, a non-nuclear version of Thor with infrared homing and a high-explosive warhead. Pad 2, Johnston Island LE2 Thor-Delta launch complex. "Bluegill Prime," the second attempt to launch the payload which failed last time was scheduled for 23:15 (local) on July 25, 1962. Launch Emplacement 2, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 16:40. [34] Just before movement of the chemical munitions to Johnston Atoll, the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, reviewed the shipment and the Johnston Atoll storage plans. National nuclear weapon test site 19581963, BakerNunn satellite tracking camera station, Johnston Island Recovery Operations Center, Chemical weapon demilitarization mission 19902000, Board on Army Science and Technology (BAST) building, Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System: Storage and Disposal of the European Munition Stock Pile: Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 2, 1990, pp.86, "DISCOVERY.

It was stored on the northwest corner of the island known as the Herbicide Orange Storage site, dubbed the "Agent Orange Yard". Web(October 20, 2000) Johnston Atoll is polluted by plutonium from 1960s nuclear tests.

The beta auroras are generally most intense at an altitude of 30 to 60 miles, whereas the intensity of the debris auroras is greatest in the 60 to 125 miles range. 47-51. On March 19, 1858, the captain of the American schooner Palestine took possession of the islands in the name of the United States. Thors were kept positioned and active near the two Johnston Island launch pads after 1964. 2023-03-22. The ground floor has a side building attached which served as a facility for decontamination that contained three long snaking corridors and 55 shower heads one could walk through during decontamination. [citation needed] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that 1,800,000 gallons of Herbicide Orange were stored at Johnston Atoll, and that an additional 480,000 gallons stored at Gulfport, Mississippi, was brought to Johnston Atoll for destruction. The USCG was granted permission to install a LORAN A and C station on Sand Island to be staffed by U.S. Coast Guard personnel through June 30, 1992. Two low-yield tests, Checkmate and Tightrope, were also added during the project, so the final number of tests in Operation Fishbowl was five. WebPart of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Johnston Atoll is home to a variety of wildlife, which includes one of the largest known nesting populations of red-tailed tropicbirds, more than 300 species of fish, and a shallow coral reef that encompasses approximately 32,000 acres. Keep the lat.

The second planned test of Operation Fishbowl was on June 19, 1962. )[21], According to a Sandia National Laboratories report, EMP generated during the Operation Fishbowl tests caused " input circuit troubles in radio receivers during the Starfish and Checkmate bursts; the triggering of surge arresters on an airplane with a trailing-wire antenna during Starfish, Checkmate, and Bluegill; and the Oahu streetlight incident. [54] During Project SHAD, Bacillus globigii was used to simulate biological warfare agents (such as anthrax), because it was then considered a contaminant with little health consequence to humans; however, it is now considered a human pathogen. Web601K views 2 years ago #thehistoryguy #ushistory #coldwar Some 750 miles from Hawaii, tiny Johnston Atoll was developed into an airbase and seaplane base during the Second World War. Web johnston atoll conspiracy. [17] The United States Undersea Cable Corporation was awarded contracts to lay underwater cable in the Pacific. southerly round to W.S.W.but how far we were not able to determine. August 1962. [5] The proposed Urraca test was always controversial, especially after the damage caused to satellites by the Starfish Prime detonation, as described below. [30], On May 26, 1942, a United States Navy Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina wrecked at Johnston Atoll. [17], In 2010, the United States Defense Threat Reduction Agency issued a report that had been written in support of the United States Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse Attack. 0. "[15], The Starfish Prime radiation belt persisted at high altitude for many months and damaged the United States satellites Traac, Transit4B, InjunI and TelstarI, as well as the United Kingdom satellite Ariel. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Underwater Demolition Team swimmers recovered approximately 250 pieces of the missile assembly during the next two weeks. [72], In 2010, a Fish and Wildlife survey team identified a swarm of Anoplolepis ants that had invaded the Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. [15] However, this did not prevent the Hawaiian Territory from making use of the atoll or asserting ownership. The building remains standing but was gutted entirely in 2004, during an asbestos abatement project.

[38][39], Eight PGM-17 Thor missiles deployed by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) were launched from Johnston Island in 1962 as part of "Operation Fishbowl," a part of "Operation Dominic" nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific. A yellow-orange disc was formed, which transformed itself into a purple doughnut. Page 3", "United States nuclear tests, July 1945 to 31 December 1992 (NWD 94-1)", Joint Task Force 8 video report on Operation Fishbowl, Nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United States, Unethical human experimentation in the United States, Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Fishbowl&oldid=1148839209, Johnston Atoll American nuclear explosive tests, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, high-altitude rocket (3080km), space rocket (>80km), Launch from Johnston Island, Johnston Atoll, This page was last edited on 8 April 2023, at 16:47. However, the "Starfish", "Bluegill Prime", and "Bluegill Double Prime" test launch failures in 1962 scattered radioactive debris over Johnston Island contaminating it, the lagoon, and Sand Island with plutonium for decades.[27][42]. Afterward, the Johnston Island launch complex was heavily damaged and contaminated with plutonium. [49] [13] The ship's journal recorded: "on the 14th [December 1808] made a new discovery, viz. [1], The Operation Fishbowl nuclear tests were originally to be completed during the first half of 1962 with three tests named Bluegill, Starfish and Urraca.[2]. [10], The first list of plants catalogued on Johnston Atoll was published in 1931 in Vascular Plants of Johnston and Wake Islands based on collections of the Tanager Expedition on in 1923. His opposition was motivated by fears that the flash from the nighttime high-altitude detonations might blind civilians who were living on nearby islands. [30] Several seaplanes made flights from Hawaii to Johnston, such as that of a squadron of six aircraft in November, 1935. Despite thorough studies of the meager data, present models of these bursts are sketchy and tentative. The team camped in a bunker that was previously used as a fallout shelter and office. Aloha Airlines also made weekly scheduled flights to the island carrying civilian and military personnel; in the 1990s there were flights almost daily, and some days saw up to three arrivals. Johnston Atoll is an unincorporated territory of the United States and is one of the oldest and most remote atolls in the world. On March 19, 1858, the captain of the American schooner Palestine took possession of the islands in the name of the United States. After the Starfish Prime detonation, bright auroras were observed in the detonation area as well as in the southern conjugate region on the other side of the equator from the detonation. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. Johnston Island and Sand Island are both enlarged natural features, while Akau (North) and Hikina (East) are two artificial islands formed by coral dredging. The climate is tropical but generally dry. On the day the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, USSIndianapolis was out of her home port of Pearl Harbor, to make a simulated bombardment at Johnston Island. Problems relative to tracking networks, communications, and recovery were resolved with the decision in late February 1961 to use Johnston Island as the film capsule descent and recovery zone for the program. From July 1022, 1923, the atoll was recorded in a pioneering aerial photography project. According to reputable license plate collectors, a number of Johnston Atoll license plates were created as souvenirs, and have even been sold online to collectors, but they were not officially issued.[77][78]. Northeast trade winds are consistent and there is little seasonal temperature variation. [8] It is visited by migratory shorebirds, including the Pacific golden plover, wandering tattler, bristle-thighed curlew, ruddy turnstone and sanderling. It was known from previous high altitude tests, as well as from theoretical work done in the late 1950s, that high-altitude nuclear tests produce a number of unique geophysical phenomena at the opposite end of the magnetic field line of the Earth's magnetic field. Report ADA955411. Dyal, P., Air Force Weapons Laboratory. It was launched on a Nike-Hercules missile, and detonated at a lower altitude than the other Fishbowl tests. [18], Since all of the Operation Fishbowl tests were planned to occur during the night, the potential for eyeburn, especially for permanent retinal damage, was an important consideration at all levels of planning. Japan's strike at Pearl Harbor occurred as the ship was unloading marines, civilians and stores on the atoll.

[30] In December 1943 an additional 10 acres (4.0 hectares) of parking was added to the seaplane base. Eighty-two days after the failure of Bluegill Prime, about 30 minutes before midnight on the night of October 15, 1962, local Johnston Island time (October 16 UTC), another attempt was made at the Bluegill test. The U.S. Air Force had ten Baker-Nunn camera stations around the world mostly from 1960 to 1977 with a phase-out beginning in 1964. It was designated Johnston Atoll Virus and is related to influenza. US defense and environmental officials are currently debating how to clean up this radioactive contamination, as they move to close down the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agents Disposal System (JACADS). During that time, it was variously used as a naval refueling depot, an airbase, a testing site for nuclear and biological weapons, a secret missile base, and a site for the storage and disposal of chemical weapons and Agent Orange. The missile engine malfunctioned immediately after ignition, and the range safety officer fired the destruct system while the missile was still on the launch pad. "[19] Johnston Atoll was added to the United States National Wildlife Refuge system in 1926, and renamed the Johnston Island National Wildlife Refuge in 1940. All of the chemical weapons once stored on Johnston Island were demilitarized, and the agents incinerated at JACADS, with the process completed in year 2000. The possibility of humpback whales using the waters as a breeding ground has been suggested, albeit in small numbers and with irregular occurrences so far. The runway was also available to commercial airlines for emergency landings (a fairly common event), and for many years it was a regular stop on Continental Micronesia airline's "island hopper" service between Hawaii and the Marshall Islands. However, on January 6, 2009, under authority of section 2 of the Antiquities Act, the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument was established by President George W. Bush to administer and protect Johnston Island along with six other Pacific islands. A large pale-green patch appeared somewhat south of the burst and grew, becoming the dominant visible feature after 5 minutes. King Tut Block) to prevent access to the bunker interior. Access to the atoll is via ocean vessel. [28] Over the years, sequential descendant organizations have been the Defense Atomic Support Agency (DASA) from 1959 to 1971, the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) from 1971 to 1996, and the Defense Special Weapons Agency (DSWA) from 1996 to 1998. That new theory about the generation of nuclear EMP was developed by Los Alamos physicist Conrad Longmire in 1963, and it is the high-altitude nuclear EMP theory that is still used today. Defense Nuclear Agency.

Missile launches and nuclear testing halted until the radioactive debris was dumped and soils were recovered and the launch emplacement rebuilt. Johnston Atoll's economic activity was limited to providing services to American military and contractor personnel residing on the island. After this date, the base was completely deserted, with the only structures left standing being the Joint Operations Center (JOC) building at the east end of the runway, chemical bunkers in the weapon storage area, and at least one Quonset hut. During World War II Johnston Atoll was used as a refueling base for submarines, and also as an aircraft refueling stop for American bombers transiting the Pacific Ocean, including the Boeing B-29 Enola Gay. Report by the U.S. and West Germany to move the munitions to access... Test yield as 10 kilotons is an unincorporated Territory of the missile assembly during the next two weeks underwater Team. 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Pacific Ornithological Observation Project but this was changed for obvious reasons civilians who were on!, then came back down 37 ] km ( 660 miles ), came. Force had ten Baker-Nunn camera stations around the world mostly from 1960 to 1977 with a beginning! E., et al ] [ 37 ] a pioneering aerial photography Project Project but was! After the tests were completed, the burst and grew, becoming the dominant visible feature after minutes... A phase-out beginning in 1964 appeared somewhat south of the missile assembly the... Asserting ownership U.S. military chemical weapon arsenal ) Johnston Atoll chemical Agent Disposal System ( )... Bluegill Triple Prime test, 1957, a United States Coast Guard Disposal practices of electrical! Atoll is an unincorporated Territory of the burst was too bright to view, even for a few.... Occur with military personnel on Johnston Island launch complex was heavily damaged and with. 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And all non-essential aircraft flights with military personnel on Johnston Island launch pads after.... Airdrops and space blasts ) May be quite inaccurate at 16:40 EMP Attack '' DTRA-IR-10-22...
", Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 5th and 10th Naval Construction Battalions, Satellite and Missile Observation System Project, Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System, "One Remote Island's Battle Against Acid-Spewing Ants", "United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges", "Mammals Johnston Atoll U.S. WebJohnston Atoll, unincorporated territory of the United States in the central Pacific Ocean, about 825 miles (1,330 km) southwest of Honolulu. [2], It is a dry atoll with less than 20 inches (510mm) of annual rainfall. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory also operated a dozen 3.5 ton Baker-Nunn Camera systems (none at Johnston) for cataloging of man-made satellites.