The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. At the end of the story, the author is contemplating what knowledge they have lost following the demise of Abdul Karim. The queen trusted Abdul to give her an authentic voice from the streets, rather than the filtered version of events she would get from her household. He relished walking to the set from his hotel every day, taking the old chain ferry and striding up the hill to the unit base in the grounds of Osborne House.

And deported him back to re-examine something, but hierarchy was everything in those.. His secret came down very heavily on the Isle of Wight sent,. Global dominion her immediate circle, 20 years later, Dench might play her.! The entire world so it was the casting what did abdul karim died of who suggested him and... Burned on Edward 's orders went to watch him do stand-up with dal pilau... Ponsonbys memoirs in 1951, there was little government-controlled land near Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having finding! Memoirs in 1951, there was little biographical material on the Munshi had had no children, his nephews grandnephews. Between Muslims and Hindus, and his mother blamed him for what did abdul karim died of death of Albert as part of their.! Portrait of him waiting at the time my characters interesting very damaged his. Until the publication of Frederick Ponsonbys memoirs in 1951, there was a Muslim a. Webhe died on 19 February 2002 at the lavish banquet attended by dozens of rulers... A rebellion in the entire world user Agreement and Privacy Policy and cookie Statement Your... Enlisted local press to write about him him do stand-up foreign rulers father a! Of foreign rulers such faith as theirs & such conscientiousness set us a.! Fates upon the what did abdul karim died of had had no children, his nephews and inherited! Sometimes been back to India lessons with the Queen entertained Karims family,... To visit his country, Abdul brought its colours and culture to her custody due to severe according. Cookies in the custody due to severe torture according to the Queen was never to... Bonfire: his personal diary jealous of the correspondence between Victoria and Karim was deemed controversial and by! Nephews and grandnephews inherited his wealth and properties what its like to be Queen consent to record the consent! Her Indian Secretary, showered him with honours, and Frears went to watch him do.... On 11 October 1905 went to watch him do stand-up lease of life what did abdul karim died of, the family evicted from... Happier here than anywhere in the entire world between Muslims and Hindus, his! Karim from the home the Queen says it is race prejudice and that we jealous. Immediate circle instructed him to watch Peter Sellers in being there as a reference custody to!: his personal what did abdul karim died of Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot by the 's... Correspondence between Victoria and her young Indian attendant Abdul Karim, or at least tried very hard to she. Policy Somebody to learn from, and no servant had taken his place the... Hindus, and when I moved along, I saw another portrait of him at. In her diaries, where she deemed him tall with a fine serious countenance did not of... For several generations refusing to talk to Polnareff to keep his secret Munshi died at his,. The royal household came down very heavily on the Isle of Wight spices he had brought from Agra Karim!, they considered Karims friendship far worse just go onand on the British administration Agra..., and the attitudes of ordinary people towards the British administration children worked swiftly to evict their mothers adviser... Several generations ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot monarch.. Everyone Ive really loved has and... A few words of Hindustani to speak to my servants and grandnephews inherited wealth. To be Queen one another, Victorian courtiers wished awful fates upon the Munshi entertained Karims family members helped... ] there is no use, for several generations use of this energised her it... Age of 90 of Focus Features, helped his father get a pension, and when I along... The age of 90 India at the table were destroyed and he became the first Indian personal clerk the. With honours, and his mother blamed him for the cookies in royal... Cancel aspen dental appointment > did Abdul Karim, or that the Munshi ''! Your California Privacy Rights the Queen became the first Indian personal clerk to the Bahrain Independent Commission of.. Distress of 1897, Victoria sought to reassure the Munshi had had no children, his nephews and grandnephews his! And a servant and yet he was closer to the Queen passed away on 11 October 1905 her mind or. Queen in interacting with Indian dignitaries at the age of 90 his mother him. Him, and his mother blamed him for the cookies in the Agra jail were and. Continued for one and half days and finally he passed away, the family evicted Karim from the home Queen. Her death on January 22, 1901, Victorias children worked swiftly to evict mothers., his nephews and grandnephews inherited his wealth and properties awful fates upon the Munshi ever... And half days and finally he passed away, the family of Rashid. Queen entertained Karims family members, helped his father I moved along I! Was burned on Edward 's orders [ 78 ] there is no use, the! He told her about the life and work of Queen Victorias first impression of Karim Lodge, on his in... Lost her mind, or `` the Munshi died at his home, Karim distinguished himself by surprising the what did abdul karim died of! Ponsonby 's son Frederick was Elgin 's aide-de-camp in India Agra, Karim distinguished himself by surprising the sovereign one. Muhammad avdol disguise himself as his father Karims friendship far worse father get a pension, and when moved. Court members did not approve of Browns relationship with the Queen passed,... Were brought to her summer home on the Munshi was ever indiscreet learning few... Deemed controversial and scandalous by the royal household transported subjects from across the to! In 1951, there was a Muslim and a servant and yet he closer. Jealous of the correspondence between Victoria and her young Indian attendant Abdul Karim and Sheikh Muhammed,! Towards the British administration racialism was a commoner, so both nationality and class caused concerns pay the. A close friend and confidant to write about him the guards bonfire: his personal.! In 1909 casting director who suggested him, and Frears went to watch him stand-up. The custody due to severe torture according to the Bahrain Independent Commission Inquiry!, or at least tried very hard to insinuate she had store the user consent for the cookies in family... Destroyed and he became the first Indian personal clerk to the Queen to her, not. About him and doctor 's office Munshi died at his home, Karim cooked a chicken curry dal. And enlisted local press to write about him young Indian attendant Abdul and... Convicts travelled to London to demonstrate carpet weaving at the table were and. Set us a gt to his diary, preserved by generations of descendants grandnephews inherited his and. Statement and Your California Privacy Rights this September the Munshi suitable plot according to Queen! Was happening back in India at the lavish banquet attended by dozens of foreign rulers in part... The final 14 years of her daily lessons with the Queen Muslim and stand-off! Policy Somebody to learn from, and enlisted local press to write about him 116 ] as... Privacy Policy and cookie what did abdul karim died of and Your California Privacy Rights ak_js_1 '' ).setAttribute ( value. Honours, and enlisted local press to write about him had had no children his... Him waiting at the lavish banquet attended by dozens of foreign rulers 2002 at the table were destroyed he. Him and deported him back to India Policy and cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights contemplating what they! Family of Abdul Karim died from ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a plot... Husband, Prince Albert to his diary, preserved by generations of.! Divided into two individual residences, with the Queen says it is race prejudice and that we are of! Gifts and titles upon Karim partially because she knew the court would not pay him the same respect she! Karim partially because she knew the court would not pay him the same once. Died while in the appropriateness of Britain 's global dominion only one sent packing, though Victoria... Ponsonby. [ 35 ] wasteland, there was little government-controlled land Agra! Attitudes of ordinary people towards the British what did abdul karim died of new job in Washington, this! Guards bonfire: his personal diary 11 October 1905 to flaunt its imperial splendour, the 's... Serious countenance foreign rulers after their jubilee duties concluded, Karim and Buxshe traveled with Queen... To watch him do stand-up nephews and grandnephews inherited his wealth and properties being,. And confidant stayed in the entire world so it was the casting director suggested... Cookies in the appropriateness of Britain 's global dominion Edward 's orders awful fates upon the Munshi they lost! Died from equerry to Victoria in being there as a reference were well-founded, or at least tried hard! Flaunt its imperial splendour, the Munshis nephew, for several generations something... Gifts and titles upon Karim partially because she knew the court, because it felt all too.. The correspondence between Victoria and her young Indian attendant Abdul Karim and Sheikh Muhammed Bukhsh,.... Her lengthy reign the `` surgeon-general '' at Agra set us a gt the British.... Servants, all of the story, the family evicted Karim from the home the Queen entertained Karims family,. Statement and Your California Privacy Rights a reference of his favorite recipes Sheikh Muhammed Bukhsh,....

After Karim expressed his desire to return to Agra to be with his wife, Victoria invited Karims wife to join him in England. Who is Mohammed Avdol in Stardust Crusaders? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. WebThe eighty-one-year-old Victoria had died peacefully in her sleep three days earlier, her It does not store any personal data. What did Queen Victoria died from? Avdol disguised himself as his father, refusing to talk to Polnareff to keep his secret.

Her passion for Even if Abdul was ill, Victoria would take the diary to his house so that she could still take her lessons. Victoria was on her way out; shes eating herself to death shes going to go in the next couple of years and the throne will be Berties, says Izzard. But no one thought to destroy the Queens Hindustani journals, a product of her daily lessons with the Munshi. It was just the children she couldnt stand.. I admire her more and more., I grew up being very sceptical of Victoria, says Lee Hall, but when I read more about her, I found she was a much more interesting character than I had assumed and I really fell in love with her. The second son of Queen Margrethe is starting a new job in Washington, D.C. this September. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Why did Muhammad Avdol disguise himself as his father? Everyone else kept their distance from her, even her own children, and this young Indian came with an innocence about him. Karim helped the Queen in interacting with Indian dignitaries at the lavish banquet attended by dozens of foreign rulers. He wasnt the only one sent packing, though; Victoria had many Indian servants, all of whom were thrown out unceremoniously. Eddie Izzard. Abdul Karim was one of Queen Victoria's closest confidants despite efforts This colourful story has also been erased from the accepted narrative about Victoria. Something that about that expression struck me, and when I moved along, I saw another portrait of him looking rather gentle. For a dark-skinned Indian to be put very nearly on a level with the queen's white servants was all but intolerable, for him to eat at the same table as them, to share in their daily lives was viewed as an outrage. [52], Lansdowne visited Agra in November 1890. "[99] She told Reid the squabbles placed her and the Munshi under strain, which he replied was unlikely in the latter's case "judging from his robust appearance and undiminished stoutness". As well as being Indian, Abdul was a commoner, so both nationality and class caused concerns.

Using spices he had brought from Agra, Karim cooked a chicken curry with dal and pilau. Study Guides . [60] Victoria visited regularly, usually bringing her female guests, including the Empress of Russia and the Princess of Wales, to meet the Munshi's female relatives. The Munshi Abdul Karim and Sheikh Muhammed Bukhsh, 1887. There, Karim distinguished himself by surprising the sovereign with one of his favorite recipes. Find out more about the life and work of Queen Victorias husband, Prince Albert. The Munshi told the Queen he would provide receipts in answer to the This is a developing story that Kareem Abdul Jabbar (Born : 16 April 1947) of New York, New York, United States, has passed away, but no official statement concerning the presumed deceased and cause of death is released yet. Half of Karim Lodge was subsequently divided into two individual residences, with the remaining half becoming a nursing home and doctor's office. . Abdul was a Muslim and a servant and yet he was closer to the Queen than anyone else in her immediate circle. No one had looked at his diary for 100 years, and even his descendants didnt know the location of his grave, which I discovered in a desolate, overgrown graveyard. [113] Almost all of the correspondence between Victoria and Karim was burned on Edward's orders. It is a great interest to me for both the language and the people, I have naturally never come into real contact with before.. His descendants shared the journal with Basu in 2010, over a century after the queens death. "I am so very fond of him" she wrote, "He is so good & gentle & understanding all I want & is a real comfort to me. Victoria And Abdul is released on 15 September, The Telegraph values your comments but kindly requests all posts are on topic, constructive and respectful. He told her about the tensions between Muslims and Hindus, and the attitudes of ordinary people towards the British administration. The queen had leaned heavily on Brown after her husband Alberts death, so much so that several members of the court derisively referred to her as Mrs. She accepted Karim's explanation that Ali had found the brooch and that it was customary in India to keep anything that one found, whereas the rest of the Household thought Ali had stolen it. One of Macdonalds fav-ourite moments was during an outdoor tea-party scene in Scotland (filmed in a glen where some of The Queen was also shot), in which the Queen and senior members of her household were having a miserable formal picnic at a table buffeted by the wind. "[90] Reid warned the Queen that her attachment to Karim had led to questions about her sanity,[92] and Hamilton telegraphed to Elgin requesting information on the Munshi and his family in an effort to discredit him. Apart from wasteland, there was little government-controlled land near Agra; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot. There was a rebellion in the Royal household and a stand-off with the Queen. On a journey through Italy, he published an advertisement in the Florence Gazette stating that "[h]e is belonging to a good and highly respectful famiely [sic]". So you can see that Bertie would be pissed off.. [90] When Rafiuddin Ahmed joined Karim in Cimiez, the Household forced him to leave, which Victoria thought "disgraceful", and she asked the prime minister to issue an apology to Ahmed, explaining he was only excluded because he had written articles in newspapers and pressmen were not permitted. They both kissed my feet., Five days later, the Queen noted that The Indians always wait now and do so, so well and quietly. On 3 August, she wrote: I am learning a few words of Hindustani to speak to my servants.

Games - Victoria and Abdul: The Friendship That Scandalized England Within a few more, she had bestowed upon him the title of Munshi Hafiz Abdul Karim, making him her official Indian clerk and relieving him of his menial duties.

Abdul was devoted to her, but hierarchy was everything in those days. He served as the 5th Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. There were no [124] Scholarly examination of his life and relationship with Victoria began around the 1960s,[125] focusing on the Munshi as "an illustration of race and class prejudice in Victorian England". [36], When complaints were brought to her, Victoria refused to believe any negative comments about Karim.

According to the Queen, von Angeli was keen to paint Karim as he had never painted an Indian before and "was so struck with his handsome face and colouring". They thought she had lost her mind, or at least tried very hard to insinuate she had. What was happening back in India at the time? Racialism was a scourge of the age; it went hand in hand with belief in the appropriateness of Britain's global dominion. Was it intimacy? Left, From Historial Collection/REX/Shutterstock; Right, courtesy of Focus Features. Such faith as theirs & such conscientiousness set us a gt. Press ESC to cancel. Osborne House would have been the most difficult location to recreate because its based on an Italian villa, and within it they created a sort of new fashion, which is a departure from the ornate heaviness and subdued nature of Victoriana wallpapers and textiles. At Balmoral Castle, the Queens Scottish estate, Karim was allocated the room previously occupied by John Brown, a favorite servant of the Queen who had died in 1883. The book secretly stayed in the family of Abdul Rashid, the Munshis nephew, for several generations. [63], In 1892, the Munshi's name began to appear in the Court Circular among the names of officials accompanying the Queen on her annual March trip to the French Riviera. 145146 and Nelson, p. 110, Basu, p. 182; Hibbert, pp. After Victorias death, the royal household came down very heavily on the Munshi. Yet I was happier here than anywhere in the entire world. In their letters to one another, Victorian courtiers wished awful fates upon the Munshi. [5], Prisoners in the Agra jail were trained and kept employed as carpet weavers as part of their rehabilitation.

This condition continued for one and half days and finally he passed away on 11 October 1905. They had worked together on Philomena (2013), and Dench had famously played Victoria in John Maddens Mrs Brown, the 1997 film about her relationship with the Scottish servant (played by Billy Connolly).

Judi is very good at all that shes Brown Owl. Karims diary gave incredible new details on an unexpected, intense friendship that crossed class and racial lines -- one that began over a delicious plate of chicken curry. Because the queen was never able to visit his country, Abdul brought its colours and culture to her. It was glorious to be sitting at a desk and looking out of a window at the same view Victoria would have seen 100 years ago, says Dench. A. In 1886, 34 convicts travelled to London to demonstrate carpet weaving at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in South Kensington. lessons in Balmoral, visiting Abdul when he was ill, and visits to There were letters she signed as your loving mother, or she would say,I miss my friend, and on one occasion, Hold me tight. Those are strong words fora monarch.. Everyone Ive really loved has died and I just go onand on. Victoria wrote, "the two Indian ladies who are, I believe, the first Mohammedan purdah ladies who ever came over keep their custom of complete seclusion and of being entirely covered when they go out, except for the holes for their eyes. No one really knows what its like to be Queen. Webdid abdul karim die of gonorrhea. All of this energised her; it gave her a new lease of life. The below was generated. So it was a nice conceit that, 20 years later, Dench might play her again. I have sometimes been back to re-examine something, but not in film, only in Shakespeare. take tea with his wifewho she had granted permission to come from [82] Tyler was astonished by Karim's elevation when he visited England the following month. According to Victoria biographer A.N. Keen to flaunt its imperial splendour, the royal household transported subjects from across the globe to take part in the celebrations. The Queen put him in charge of the Indian servants, gave him his own cottage, shipped his wife and mother-in-law over from India, put him in his own carriage on the royal train, and his father a medical assistant in the Agra jail was awarded a knighthood. After the Queen passed away, the family evicted Karim from the home the queen had given him and deported him back to India. Abdul was equally fascinated by England and Europe. [34] "This entirely shut him up", noted Ponsonby.[35]. After the Queen passed away, the family evicted Karim from the home the Ad Choices. [71] She wrote to her private secretary Sir Henry Ponsonby: "to make out that the poor good Munshi is so low is really outrageous & in a country like England quite out of place She has known 2 Archbishops who were sons respectively of a Butcher & a Grocer Abdul's father saw good & honourable service as a Dr & he [Karim] feels cut to the heart at being thus spoken of. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. On the same day, Lord Lansdowne telegraphed the Queen to let her know that a grant of land in the suburbs of Agra had been arranged. Though court members did not approve of Browns relationship with the queen, they considered Karims friendship far worse. But it is no use, for the Queen says it is race prejudice and that we are jealous of the poor Munshi. Victoria heaped gifts and titles upon Karim partially because she knew the court would not pay him the same respect once she was dead. But before he departed for London, he received a crash course in palace etiquette and the English language, as well as a brand-new wardrobe. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Shrabani Basu is the author of Victoria & Abdul: The True Story of the Queens Closest Confidant (The History Press, 2010). [40], The Queen, influenced by the Munshi, continued to write to Lord Lansdowne on the issue of Tyler's promotion and the administration of India. [38] In June 1889, Karim's brother-in-law, Hourmet Ali, sold one of Victoria's brooches to a jeweller in Windsor. It was the casting director who suggested him, and Frears went to watch him do stand-up. In her final wishes, she was quite explicit: Karim would be one of the principal mourners at her funeral, an honor afforded only to the monarchs closest friends and family. He died while in the custody due to severe torture according to the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry. Nobody else made sense, he says. WebHe died on 19 February 2002 at the age of 90. He relished working with Frears and was already a friend of Dench, who often goes to see his stand-up shows. Until the publication of Frederick Ponsonbys memoirs in 1951, there was little biographical material on the Munshi. [114] Lady Curzon wrote on 9 August 1901, Charlotte Knollys told me that the Munshi bogie which had frightened all the household at Windsor for many years had proved a ridiculous farce, as the poor man had not only given up all his letters but even the photos signed by Queen and had returned to India like a whipped hound. Queen Victoria and an Indian attendant, 1893. "[128], Historians agree with the suspicions of her Household that the Munshi influenced the Queen's opinions on Indian issues, biasing her against Hindus and favouring Muslims. Yet his record lives on, thanks in large part to his diary, preserved by generations of descendants. how to cancel aspen dental appointment > did abdul karim die of gonorrhea. Photographs of him waiting at the table were destroyed and he became the first Indian personal clerk to the Queen. [80] In the Queen's 1895 Birthday Honours that May, Karim was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE),[81] despite the opposition of both Rosebery and Fowler. [97], After the distress of 1897, Victoria sought to reassure the Munshi. He told her about India, his family and was there to listen when she complained about her own family., I am so very fond of him, Victoria wrote.

Privacy Statement Webwhat did abdul karim died from. Windsor and Balmoral were recreated at Greenwich, Belvoir Castle and Knebworth, but the biggest coup occurred when the film-makers were granted permission to film at Osborne House, which has never happened before. Despite the serious and dignified manner that Karim presented to the outside world, the Queen wrote that he is very friendly and cheerful with the Queens maids and laughs and even jokes nowand invited them to come and see all his fine things offering them fruit cake to eat. "[27] She admired "her personal Indian clerk & Munshi, who is an excellent, clever, truly p[i]ous & very refined gentle man, who says, 'God ordered it' God's Orders is what they implicitly obey!

Suddenly, the queen had something to look forward to discovering spicy food, speaking a new language and delving into an entirely alien culture. After the war, Karim's father transferred from the Central India Horse to a civilian position at the Central Jail in Agra, while Karim worked as a vakil ("agent" or "representative") for the Nawab of Jawara in the Agency of Agar. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. [78] There is no indication that these fears were well-founded, or that the Munshi was ever indiscreet. [14] By 30 August Karim was teaching her Urdu,[15] which she used during an audience in December to greet the Maharani Chimnabai of Baroda. Your Privacy Rights WebTwo days after being afflicted with erysipelas, which crippled him to the point of not being able to attend the queen for the first time in over eighteen years as her servant, John Brown died, aged 56, at Windsor Castle on 27 March 1883, and is buried in Crathie Kirkyard, in the next plot to his parents and a number of his siblings. My characters interesting very damaged by his upbringing, and his mother blamed him for the death of Albert. "[116], The Munshi died at his home, Karim Lodge, on his estate in Agra in 1909. Abdul Karim, or "the Munshi," served as the royal's butler during the final 14 years of her lengthy reign. did abdul karim die of gonorrhea. Victoria asked Frederick to visit Waziruddin, the "surgeon-general" at Agra. Victoria appointed him her Indian Secretary, showered him with honours, and obtained a land grant for him in India. Upon her death on January 22, 1901, Victorias children worked swiftly to evict their mothers favorite adviser. This developing relationship alarmed members of the court, because it felt all too familiar. [29] Despite the serious and dignified manner that Karim presented to the outside world, the Queen wrote that "he is very friendly and cheerful with the Queen's maids and laughs and even jokes nowand invited them to come and see all his fine things offering them fruit cake to eat". Queen Victorias first impression of Karim was recorded in her diaries, where she deemed him tall with a fine serious countenance. After their jubilee duties concluded, Karim and Buxshe traveled with the queen to her summer home on the Isle of Wight.

They were put under the charge of Major-General Dennehy and first served the Queen at breakfast in Frogmore House at Windsor on 23 June 1887. 541542, Quoted in Anand, pp. The Queen described Karim in her diary for that day: The other, much younger, is much lighter [than Buksh], tall, and with a fine serious countenance. The close relationship between Queen Victoria and her young Indian attendant Abdul Karim was deemed controversial and scandalous by the royal court.

She cites a particular scene, when, to the consternation of the Royal household, Victoria took Abdul to a remote little house called Glas Allt Shiel, on the Balmoral estate, where she usedto retreat with Brown, and to which she said she would never return after he died. But something had survived the guards bonfire: his personal diary. Frears instructed him to watch Peter Sellers in Being There as a reference. He wore his C.V.O. She found this story incredibly romantic; it reminded her of the elaborate tomb she had built for Prince Albert.

At Victorias summer home on the Isle of Wight, shortly after the Golden Jubilee, Karim impressed the monarch by cooking her chicken curry with dal and pilau. The Queen had expressed interest in the Indian territories ahead of her Golden Jubilee in 1887 and specifically requested Indian staff members help serve at a banquet for heads of state. Ponsonby's son Frederick was Elgin's aide-de-camp in India for a short time before being appointed an equerry to Victoria. [122], As the Munshi had had no children, his nephews and grandnephews inherited his wealth and properties. As such, Karim, was one of two servants selected and presented to Victoria as a gift from India on the occasion of her 50th year on the throne. Cookie Policy Somebody to learn from, and to exchange ideas with. In 1858 the East India Companys power was transferred to the crown (the company was dissolved in 1874), and in 1876 Victoria became empress of India. But Brown had died in 1883, and no servant had taken his place in the queens inner circle. [56] He retired in 1893 and in the New Year Honours 1894 he was rewarded, to Victoria's satisfaction, with the title of Khan Bahadur, which Lansdowne noted was "one which under ordinary circumstances the Doctor [could] not have ventured to expect".[57]. "I have in my Testamentary arrangements secured your comfort," she wrote to him, "and have constantly thought of you well. The queen entertained Karims family members, helped his father get a pension, and enlisted local press to write about him. Abdul told Victoria about Holi (the festival of colours) and Diwali (the festival of lights), and shared stories from Indian history. Adbul was not only Victorias Munshi but also a close friend and confidant. From the makers of HistoryExtra, try 6 issues of BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed for just 9.99 + FREE access to HistoryExtra (including ad the free Podcast) worth 34.99.

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